Leadership Models in Action

IntroductionLeaders are conceived while others are made likely sounds clichã © yet one undisputable actuality is that authority is basic to guiding a business or association to progress. As Jack Welch cites ‘Good business pioneers make a dream, articulate the vision, enthusiastically own and tirelessly drive it to fulfillment. (www.thinkexist.com.) Notably, there are numerous pioneers who have existed in past century however seemingly not very many extraordinary pioneers exist. Moreover, the distinctive extraordinary pioneers apply diverse authority approaches just as have distinctive administration characteristics. In any case, there are different perspectives that cut over the numerous authority models and attributes, for example, responsibility, drive, enthusiasm, strengthening, definitiveness and versatility. (Bennis, 2002).  In request to plainly show administration in business this paper will concentrate on AT and T Network director Thomas Reeds who is doubtful a good example in the authority circles. His initiative methodology is both affected and moving and later in the paper a couple of models will be utilized to show why is cause this claim.Jack To welch orders consideration in corporate authority hovers as his visionary administration restored the organizations in the US during 1980 and to date; his ways of thinking keep on changing during standard organizations to amazing organizations Thomas Reeds.â Follows in the strides of this extraordinary CEO and his authority approach is consistently transformational. His capacity to motivate and invigorate supporters to a specific course in accomplishing the company’s objectives is brilliant.Some, how he adjusts corporate systems to every day activities of representatives and explains issues to the workers that they get a more noteworthy image of what is normal. Along these lines, he energizes and instills duty of workers to future objectives. More to that, his accentuation on value-based p arts of pioneers for example a greater amount of the bread and butter is additionally shows in his administration approach. This is found in the manner he energizes a give and take ‘win win’ circumstance in authority. Workers are respected for meeting targets and consistence to adjusted desires. His two years in that post has created AT&T a perfect measure of benefits which is considered to proceed. Thomas may seem like an overwhelming individual and conceivable go about in that capacity. Be that as it may, his capacity to join quietude and profound enthusiastic will fro achievement is practically confusing. He’s is genuinely a level 5 leader.By level 5 pioneers it implies a pioneer who has arrived at the most noteworthy hierarchal degree of his authority abilities and has had the option to lead an organization from a decent to an incredible organization with considerable continued greatness (Morris, 2006). Honestly, the improved status of AT&T organizati on has not been a component of Thomas Reed’s administration approach alone, but instead he has utilized his impact it guarantee that different elements important to change AT &T are available in the organization, the correct association culture and key assets among others. He has been in charge, all things considered, Initiative isn't tied in with flaunting what one can yet really doing if so others can perceive what should be done and how it is done.This is the thing that Thomas Reeds consistently says. His dressing and upbeat manner can nearly commit one error him for an assistant. He blend with the representatives at AT&T to realize what their perspectives are and get contribution on what needs toâ be improved or changed. It is not necessarily the case that Thomas Reeds is one to joke around with. His simple and horrible assurance in life likewise makes him an individual to rise up to be checked. Most occasions, it is conceivable to discover Thomas sharing his in itial beneficial encounters with other hopeful pioneers under his stewardship of how he experienced childhood in the firm, battled through school and college to where he is presently. His encounters are continually reviving and engaging and it isn't difficult to see the iron will and enthusiasm to support ability in his devotees. He rouses them to be as well as can be expected be. Difficulties will consistently come your direction he says yet it is up to you make a firm purpose to remain ahead or hold tight instead of very. Apparently, extreme occasions slice out pioneers to be great and strong.Indisputably, Thomas Reeds administration approach has been affected by Welch’s general guidelines for example, the significant of deleting organization in the business positioning the clients and investors exceptionally and commanding piece of the overall industry. These lessons applied combined with one of a kind properties, for example, smoothing out the workforce set out Thomas aut hority styles as the purpose for the company’s success.Nevertheless, Thomas feels that change and dynamism in administration is a key credit to compelling initiative in today’s business condition. He rushes to take note of that in spite of the fact that Welch and Sloan’s ways of thinking were no not exactly splendid; their relevance is presently wearing off. He feels that the difficulties that the initiative methodologies created by the two driving forces of administration achievement were intended to conquer the obstructions and issue of the then occasions and new authority moved toward should be created to viably confront the new difficulties in the cutting edge period. However he doesn't limit the way that Welch procedures are as yet usable and can contribute monstrously in the accomplishment of a company.Leadership rouses individuals or rather catches the brains and spirits of individuals. As indicated by scholars Goffee and Jones (2000) initiative is about outcomes yet simultaneously isn't just about execution yet additionally meaning. Consistent with this articulation, it is difficult to energize individuals to uncommon levels without empowering them first observe the significance and worth behind the activities. For this situation extemporary administration pairs execution and maybe this is the thing that causes organizations with incredible pioneers to exceed expectations uniquely in contrast to the ones that only have alright pioneers. This they do by making execution significant. (Goffee and Jones, 2000).Given this understanding a basic glance at AT&T Network trough, Thomas Reeds administration approach, it is clear that he makes his representatives or adherents discover importance in their undertakings. This is done so that corporate systems are deciphered ot noteworthy plans and especially day by day assignment of the workers to such an extent that the change and improved execution begins from the base to the top.After exec utive gatherings with corporate advisory groups, Thomas Reeds goes out his own particular manner ot assemble for isolated conferences with various gatherings of staff to talk about how the corporate procedures influence them and how the staff remain to profit by actualizing the destinations of the organization. This has caused AT&T workforce to accomplish meaning and at last duty to extraordinary execution. While others may consider Thomas’ procedure as worked and depleting, Thomas feels that it is a vital cost to pay if a pioneer is ot see any aftereffect of his activities. It is likewise right now that a leader’s characteristics and energy for qualification and greatness is tested.Notable, there are pioneers and afterward there are valid pioneers. This prompts the journey of finding bona fide initiative in AT&T administrator Thomas. Real pioneers are sacrificial yet are not hesitant to communicate oneself, ethically guided reasonability and nit simply instrum ental thinking whereby the end legitimizes the methods among others. From my countable contacts with Thomas, it is apparent that his sacrificial nature just as emotionless way of thinking of isolating one self fro dishonest practices and traps. In camouflage explain his realness as a leader.Welch epitomizes the standards of initiative very well, for example, he was knowledgeable in the workers undertakings and his own obligations. Furthermore, he outfit the should be keeping watch for new open doors that could lead GE higher than ever and where things went amiss; he was not bashful to assume liability for his activities other than looking for a substitute. As indicated by Welch, the significant thing is to investigate the circumstance, right it on the off chance that conceivable or discover exercise/s from it and afterward continues to the following test with fearlessness and better information. In authority position, choices are made inevitably and a pioneer ought to be equipped fo r settling on opportune and exact choices quick in the event that it is to have any effect. This Welch had aced. Initiative is tied in with paying special mind to the prosperity of the workforce, keeping them educated just as showing others how its done. It is clear that Welch exemplified these qualities too.ConclusionIt isn't extraordinary to hear individuals state that they need to be increasingly viable pioneers. Incredible pioneers are improved through training and long periods of gaining from past victories and disappointments. The test consequently is for youthful hopeful pioneers to work in the essentials loan by the extraordinary pioneers, for example, Welch and Sloan and above all else have responsibility and energy to outlining extemporary initiative which, who knows may beâ a legend for future generations.ReferencesBennis, W. (2002). Will the inheritance live on? The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 95-100Collingwood, H., and Couto, D.L. (2002). Jack on jack. The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 88-94Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 authority: the triumph of quietude and savage purpose. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 67-76Goffee, R. and Jones, G. (2000). For what reason would it be a good idea for anyone to be driven by you? Harvard Business survey, 78(5), 62-70.Morris, B. (2006). Destroying the Jack Welch playbook. Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2006/07/10/magazines/fortue/rules.fortune/Think exist.com Famous Quotes. Recovered on October 24, 2007 from World Wide Web  â â http://www.thinkexist.com/

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 58

Contextual investigation Example The arrangement was touchy to enthusiastic and physical elements. It would improve the organizations open picture at long last. By permitting the utilization of the premises, the firm maintains individual qualities. It would make a generous connection between the groups of the people in question and the firm (Bill 1-2). The answer for the emergency would help the firm set up the substance of the dangers. It would draw a system for assessing the options for responding to the emergency. The administration will have the opportunity to figure the likelihood of progress or level of dangers by making the way for the people in question. The arrangement helped with deciding the assurance or vulnerability of helping the people in question. On the off chance that it were past their range, they could have counseled the specialists. There were burdens of the answer for open the entryway for the people in question. The representatives of the firm will be discouraged. They will feel the administration didn't include them in settling on the basis of opening the entryway for the survivors of the impact. It will lessen the trust of the workers towards the representatives. The administration didn't consider making the emergency mindfulness among the representatives. The representatives didn't take part in explaining the targets of understanding the emergency. In that circumstance, the CEO ought to have included the staff in surveying the circumstance and include them in the principle dynamic (Archer 289-299). The choice would have caused risk issues. It was essential for the CEO to think about the legitimate parts of the business. Our present society is excessively quarrelsome. It requires the organizations to think about administrative perspectives. By making the way for the people in question, it will make concerns the investors and financial specialists of the firm. The financial specialists may feel the CEO acted against the business guidelines and laws. Furthermore, the firm will encounter some level of reimbursement. Also, the choice to open the entryway may damage the

Robert Yerkes Was Influential in Comparative Psychology

Robert Yerkes Was Influential in Comparative Psychology History and Biographies Print Robert Yerkes Was Influential in Comparative Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 19, 2019 Public Domain Image More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Robert Yerkes (May 26, 1876 - February 3, 1956) was an American psychologist best-remembered for his work in the areas of intelligence testing and comparative psychology. He is also known for describing Yerkes-Dodson law with his colleague John Dillingham Dodson. Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that there is a relationship between arousal levels and performance. During Yerkes tenure as president of the APA, he became involved in developing the Armys Alpha and Beta Intelligence Tests as part of the World War I effort. The tests were extensively used during this time and were taken by millions of U.S. soldiers. While Yerkes believed that the tests measured native intelligence, later findings revealed that education, training, and acculturation played an important role in performance. Yerkes also became a prominent figure in the eugenics movement, which advocated for harsh immigration restrictions in order to combat what he referred to as race deterioration. Best Known For Intelligence testingComparative psychologyYerkes-Dodson lawPrimate research Early Life Robert Yerkes grew up on a farm in Breadysville, Pennsylvania. He attended Ursinus College originally intending to become a medical doctor. After graduating in 1897, Harvard University offered him a spot doing graduate work in biology. During his studies at Harvard, he took an interest in animal behavior and began studying comparative psychology. In 1902, Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Psychology. After graduating, Yerkes took a number of positions to pay the debts he had acquired while completing his education. He started as an assistant professor at Harvard teaching comparative psychology and taught courses in general psychology during the summer at Radcliffe College. He also took a part-time job as the director of psychological research at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Career In 1917, he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. After the U.S. entered World War I, Yerkes urged the APA to get involved in contributing psychological expertise to the war effort. A number of committees were formed, including one designed to measure intelligence in order to identify Army recruits who were particularly suited for special positions. The work of the committee, which included psychologists such as Lewis Terman, Henry Goddard, and Walter Bingham, led to the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests. The tests had been administered to approximately two million men by the time the war was over. The tests are important in psychology history because they were the first group intelligence tests and helped popularize the concept of intelligence testing. The results of the tests were also used by eugenicists to advocate harsher immigration laws since recent immigrants tended to score lower on the tests. While Yerkes suggested that the tests measured only native intelligence, the questions themselves clearly indicated that education and training had an impact on the results. Contributions to Psychology Robert Yerkes contributed greatly to the field of comparative psychology. He founded the first primate research laboratory in the United States and served as its director from 1929 until 1941. The lab was later renamed the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. His work with John D. Dodson led to the development of what is known as the Yerkes-Dodson Law. This law states that performance increases with arousal, but only up to a certain point. When arousal levels become too high, performance actually decreases. While Robert Yerkes use of eugenics to interpret the results of his intelligence tests was incorrect, his work in the field of intelligence testing also left a lasting mark on psychology. Selected Publications Yerkes, R. M., Bridges, J. W., Hardwick, R. S. (1915). A point scale for measuring mental ability. Baltimore: Warwick York. Yerkes, R. M. (1916/1979). The mental life of monkeys and apes: a study of ideational behavior. Delmar, NY: Scholars Facsimiles and Reprints. Yerkes, R. M. (Ed.) (1921) Psychological examining in the United States Army. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 15, 1-890. Yerkes, R. M. (1941). Man-power and military effectiveness: the case for human engineering. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 5, 205-209. Yerkes, R. M. (1943, 1971). Chimpanzees: A laboratory colony. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.

Dumbcane Stem Extract as Rodenticide or Black Rats

Dumb Cane (Dieffenbachia seguine) Stem Extract as a Rodenticide for Black Rats (Rattus rattus) PROPONENTS: Dolino, Alma Gubalane, Delsan Miquiabas, Cheryl Telen, Nikol IV- Einstein Mrs. Lalaine Biboso Research II Adviser ABSTRACT Black rats are pests and are dangerous to humans in several ways. These species are also famous for its role in spreading the dreaded bubonic plague that took billions of lives in the Middle Ages. To control them, chemical rodenticides are used but these chemicals often destroy our environment and health, and may lead to death of non-targeted organisms and even human poisoning. Dumb cane contains calcium oxalate crystals that cause the poisoning. Thus it was the concern of the study to determine whether the†¦show more content†¦Significance of the Study This study will help people get rid of rats that are quiet a nuisance to the householders and even transmit some dreaded diseases. This will also help lessen the use of commercial chemicals used as rodenticides, which destroys our environment and health. Besides, this can also be beneficial because people can minimize their expenses. So, in this simple way, people can save money. Scope and Limitation This study was only limited on the effectiveness of dumb cane stem extract in killing house rats. Its effectiveness was measured by counting the number of rats killed in 2-6 days after they were fed to rats. The dumb cane extracts were mixed with chiffon cake. The actual observation and counting were done at an interval of 2 days. Each treatment was given 3 replications. The commercial product which was the control was Raccumin. Dumb cane stem were taken from the house of one the researchers. This study was conducted at the DOST Laboratory at the barangay hall of Calumpang compound last July 29, 2005. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter gives the background and the related information about the study. Dumb Cane Dumb cane (Diffenbachia seguine) is a shrub, and a native to the West Indies. Its common name derived from the fact that if its stem, which contain

A Report On The Congo War Essay - 1388 Words

Sadly, war is a large part of life in the Congo. Blighted by political violence for decades, combatants continue to up the ante on aggression levels at an exponential rate since the inception of the Congo War in 1997. The Congo War is extraordinarily complex, with a conglomerate of loosely associated rebels fighting each other, and often swapping sides. As the levels of violence escalated, so have the casualties. The exact numbers of these casualties are in dispute. A report conducted by the International Rescue Committee in 2008 estimates that 5.4 million Congolese have died in the conflict between 1998 and 2007, while The Human Security Report from Simon Frasier University in Canada’s British Columbia endorses a Belgian report that places casualties at 200,000 between 1998 and 2004. Therefore, it is no wonder that researchers and organizations are having difficulties in obtaining accurate numbers since the combatants fight as groups of irregulars. Whatever the numbers are, it is clear that men, women, and children are dying, and those most affected by the violence are those most vulnerable. Men, Boys, and the Congo War The rebel forces that are fighting in the war consist of men and boy soldiers, some well under the age of 18. Paid meager amounts, if anything all, soldiers are encouraged by their superiors to live off the land. Consequently, this edict serves only to beget an escalation in violence, primarily against civilians. Unfortunately, this policy encourages manyShow MoreRelatedDemocratic Republic of Congo: An Explanation of the Country’s Population Problems1163 Words   |  5 Pages The Democratic Republic of Congo has been experiencing the same war for over two decades, and there is a strong correlation between the country’s demographic indicator rates and the conflict (World Factbook). 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How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice Free Essays

Higher education is widely recognized for academic excellence; students come from all over to study in U. S. colleges and universities. We will write a custom essay sample on How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time colleges and universities are often criticized for their unmanageable administration, organizational incompetence, and a lack of service orientation Ruben, B (2005). To the extent that these circumstances are present within a particular institution, they contribute to the critique of higher education in general, but also more directly undermine the perceived value of faculty and staff work, weaken financial and political support, and create barriers to fulfilling the mission of the institution (Ruben, 2005) College administrations have unmanageable direction because of a generation gap. Different generations have a different way of learning. Teachers have a hard time teaching the Net Generation students how to properly to research information because the Net Gen students depend highly on the Internet and Google scholar to retrieve their information. Students lack an understanding of what constitutes good-quality scholarly information (Badke, 2009) Teachers presently let the students use their search engine for information the students in higher education are making libraries last on their list for resource information simply because they were not taught the old methods of researching in a brick and mortar library. Researchers found that current and future generations are lazy and would rather watch videos or tutorials instead of reading information found in text materials. Why did they become lazy? In the early 1990’s the World Wide Web was born and it made life and researching easier, not thinking that the information could be erroneous ( Badke, 2009). Anyone pursuing higher education will have to obtain to the thought of incorporating scholar practice of information literacy. Students lack an understanding of what constitutes good-quality scholarly information. Students have difficulty evaluating the glut of information available and depend on questionable sources. (Russell, 2009) Information competence is a basis for long-life learning competence. It is necessary in any way of learning, it makes learning needs-oriented, more self-directed. Information competence is a skill to determine the size of the necessary information; to use the necessary information effectively; to evaluate the information and its sources critically; to develop own knowledge base with the information chosen; to effectively use the information for goal achievement Ruben, B (2005). Not less important is the skill to understand, at what time some information is needed, as well as the skill to get, evaluate, and use the information effectively. Information is available at libraries, public resources, special organizations, media, the Internet, but the information received in a non-filtered way, which arouses a question about the material authenticity, validity, and quality. (Turusheva, 2009) Students will hopefully grow stronger in the use of information literacy, and then society can be exposed to higher educational opportunities such as universities, trade colleges, skill centers, or career enhancement programs. Today’s society is experiencing a need for individuals to take an interest to learn (Thrusheva, 2009). Citizens can take control of their own learning by exposing information literacy for the following reasons: students could become open to higher education and technology, students communicate in an educational setting, and students relate to the numerous students. To correct everything for the next generation must first let the Net Generation know that all the information received on the Internet is not accurate and familiarize them with how to research material other ways. Next we must show that the academic libraries will be very comfortable with the new environment. (Badke, 2009) Letting the new generation just use the Internet makes the brick and mortar libraries become more unfamiliar to them. The world is changing before our very eyes. Elementary teachers point to documents, standards, and programs for information literacy as far a few decades in the past. Students tend to trust the beginning of the Google results or lack the skills to evaluate what they have found (Badke, 2009). Secondary school students have hardly any understanding about the library systems. Google dominates the universities with Google Books and scholar. Now is the time to start to educate all students about the Internet and they need to understand it. Teachers should educate the future students about information, and to go beyond Google. Students can benefit from using more sophisticated researching techniques, so that they can go beyond the search engine (Badke, 2009). To understand Scholarship, Practitioner and Leadership Model is essential to guidance in the field of education. Recognizing and classifying strengths and weaknesses within the institutes is essential to survival. Specifically, organizational information literacy can press forward toward the next level. Expanded literacy will provide opportunities for collaboration and feedback, which will grow the organization. The SPL model works interdependently with information literacy, in that one cannot survive without the other. How to cite How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, Essay examples

Traditional and Emerging Practices

Question: Discuss about the Traditional and Emerging Practices. Answer: Introduction Bellini Italian restaurant is located in the capital city of Australia and MR. Francesco Del Piero is the owner of the restaurant. The restaurant has the capacity of 78 seats and the theme used in the restaurant is authentic Italian, according to the information given in the case study. The owner of the restaurant is concerned with the business of his restaurant, as we came to know from the case study that during the mid-week period the restaurant is very quiet. The owner wants to rejuvenate the business of his restaurant by applying different- different management and his leadership skills, which will help him in increasing his business. The owner is also thinking of introducing a new concept of all you can eat buffet concept, which will help in increasing the sales volume and automatically increases the profit profile of the restaurant. Therefore, depending upon the case study the report has been prepared for increasing the business of the restaurant. Francesco's strategy The owner of the restaurant wants to introduce all you can eat buffet strategy during the mid-week period for increasing the sale of the restaurant. As given in the case study, MR. Francesco feels that the price of some of the items on the menu of the restaurant is very high, which are directly influencing the sale of those items in the mid-week period. Thus, having a great impact on the overall sale of the restaurant. Therefore, for increasing the sale of the restaurant the owner has decided to introduce an all you can eat buffet on selected days of the weak, i.e., on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. He has also introduced this buffet system at different- different prices for both the adult as well as children. The buffet system helps in quicker turnover of the tables or we can say no need to wait for the meals to arrive. By introducing the buffet system the wastage of the food can easily be decreased, because todays left items can be used for the next day by making the use of roastin g and many other procedures. The buffet system also helps in decreasing the labor cost and fulfills all the requirements on low cost starches (Mohammed, 2007). Therefore, by applying this topology the wastage of the food products will decrease and directly influences the profit ratio of the restaurant. Key information to be monitored Introducing the buffet system in the restaurant needs, monitoring of the various factors related to this strategy. The important or we can say the necessary factors required for the successful implementation of the all you can eat buffet in the restaurant are discussed below. Customer visitation and perception of the successful business of a restaurant customer satisfaction is one of the most important factors. Expectations of the customer are high while dining outside the home therefore, the management of the restaurant should make special efforts for the fulfillment of the customers expectations. The buffet introduced by the restaurant on the selected days will surely attract the people towards the restaurant and the management should make timely surveys for making the various judgements regarding the sale of the food items etc. Food and beverage management The management of the restaurant should make specific plans for the management of the food items to be prepared. The management should follow a timetable for preparing the different- different food items on the different days of a week. Items to be prepared should depend upon the size and scope of its sell in the restaurant (Tung, 2003). The management should work according to the timely surveys, which gives information about the demands of the customer. It is the responsibility of the management to keep an eye on the customers interest. The management should prepare those products, whose sale is higher on the routine basis. All this will help in decreasing the wastage of the food products and directly influences the overall sale and profit ratio of the restaurant. By using the method of deep fry or half- cooked method the food items can be stored easily for a long time and can be used further, which is also helpful in decreasing the wastage and thus inc reases the profit of the restaurant (Davis, et al., 2008). Buffet vs A La Carte these are the two methods of serving food to the customers in a restaurant. In the buffet system food is placed in one place and the customers have to serve themselves according to their requirement, but on the other hand, in the A La Carte system the food items are served by the waiters to the customers. In A La Carte method the price of the food items is not fixed, i.e., each item in the A La Carte style has a different price, but on the other hand, in the buffet system the items are and the price of the buffet is fixed. Therefore, these are the two main differences between the A La Carte and the buffet system (Universtiy, 2016). Problem investigation and strategy used to improve profitability To improve the overall profit ratio of the restaurant the management should make various efforts related to the services they are providing to the customers. They need to make several surveys for improving the quality of their services, food quality, etc. Timely surveys help the management in investing the various problems affecting the sale of the restaurant. Therefore, for improving the overall profitability the management should focus on some major factors which are discussed below. Food service best class of services should be provided by the management to their customers according to the customers requirement. Management needs to take timely feedbacks from the staff as well as from the customers related to any type of issue being faced either by the customers or by the staff (Jordano's Inc., 2016). Food quality and safety customers nowadays are very health conscious and are extremely concerned about the various safety methods being used by the restaurant related to the food products being served to them. The management should take strict actions related to the safety measures of the food provided to the customers. They should use good cooking equipment for preparing the food items. They also need to focus on the environmental conditions for making a good image of their restaurant in the market. Embracing Technology the management should use the latest technology like online marketing, hiring, productivity, data mining, etc. for increasing the popularity of their restaurant among the people across the country. Online marketing helps in making the people aware about the productivity and the personality of the restaurant. This can easily be done through the help of various social media channels being used by each and every person across the globe (Landau, 2016). Marketing by making the use of social media channels and many other promotion methods the popularity of the restaurant can easily be increased among the people. Management should make timely efforts for the public relations or we can say making good relations with the customers. The restaurant should provide festive discounts and any other rewarding system for connecting more and more people towards them (Ferasat, 2009). Creativity the restaurant can easily attract more and more people towards them by creating new-new dishes, drinks and presentation methods of the food products. The new method of representing the food products among the customers will help in attracting more and more customers, thus helps in increasing the sale of the restaurant and directly influences the profit of the restaurant. Conclusion For increasing the profit of the restaurant the loyalty of the customers is very necessary and to gain this, the management of the restaurant should provide the best environment to their customers. Variety of products should be delivered by the restaurant to their customers. They should make several surveys for knowing the satisfaction level of the customer as well as staff working in the restaurant. The management should make personal relations with the customers in achieving their loyalty. They should make the use of latest technology for providing the best quality of food and any other type of service to their customers. By making the use of social media channels and any other promotional schemes they can easily connect to more and more people across the globe and can increase the popularity of the restaurant. All these efforts will help in increasing the productivity of the restaurant, i.e., the restaurant will become popular among the people, which will increase the sale of the restaurant and thus increases the overall profit of the restaurant. Further, all these factors will increase the overall sustainability of the restaurant. References Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, L. Alcott, P., 2008. Food and Beverage Management. 4th ed.: Routledge. Ferasat, K., 2009. Five Tactics to Create a Sustainable Restaurant Business. Using Traditional and Emerging Practices for Managing and Growing Your Dining Establishment, 12(4). Jordano's Inc., 2016. 10 Ways to Increase Restaurant Revenue, Available at: https://www.jordanos.com/JFS/index.php?id=409PHPSESSID=7abf6f64179e15ec194de1f2163447b2 Landau, C., 2016. 6 Ways to Increase Sales for Your Restaurant, Available at: https://articles.bplans.com/6-ways-to-increase-sales-for-your-restaurant/ Mohammed, R., 2007. How Do Restaurant Buffets Make Money?. 27 February, Available at: https://www.pricingforprofit.com/pricing-strategy-blog/how-do-restaurant-buffets-make-money.htm Tung, W., 2003. A customer perception and satisfaction survey for a chinese buffet, Available at: https://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2003/2003tungw.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=1 Universtiy, J. . W., 2016. Restaurant, Food Beverage Management, Available at: https://academics.jwu.edu/school-of-hospitality/restaurant-food-and-beverage-management-bs/

Moving from an International to a Transnational Entity

Biography of Oliver Hazard Perry, American Naval Hero

Biography of Oliver Hazard Perry, American Naval Hero Oliver Hazard Perry (August 23, 1785–August 23, 1819) was an American naval hero of the War of 1812, famous for being the victor of the Battle of Lake Erie. Perrys victory against the British ensured U.S. control of the Northwest. Fast Facts: Oliver Hazard Perry Known For: War of 1812 naval hero, victor of the Battle of Lake ErieAlso Known As: Commodore PerryBorn: August 23, 1785 in South Kingstown,  Rhode IslandParents: Christopher Perry, Sarah PerryDied: August 23, 1819 in TrinidadAwards and Honors: Congressional Gold Medal (1814)Spouse: Elizabeth Champlin Mason (May 5, 1811–August 23, 1819)Children: Christopher Grant Champlin, Oliver Hazard Perry II, Oliver Hazard Perry, Jr., Christopher Raymond, Elizabeth MasonNotable Quote: We have met the enemy and they are ours. Early Years Perry was born on August 23, 1785, in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. He was the eldest of eight children born to Christopher and Sarah Perry. Among his younger siblings was Matthew Calbraith Perry who would later gain fame for opening Japan to the West. Raised in Rhode Island, Perry received his early education from his mother, including how to read and write. A member of a seafaring family, his father had served aboard privateers during the American Revolution and was commissioned as a captain in the U.S. Navy in 1799. Given command of the frigate USS General Greene (30 guns), Christopher Perry soon obtained a midshipmans warrant for his eldest son. The Quasi-War Officially appointed a midshipman on April 7, 1799, the 13-year old Perry reported aboard his fathers ship and saw extensive service during the Quasi-War with France. First sailing in June, the frigate escorted a convoy to Havana, Cuba where a large number of the crew contracted yellow fever. Returning north, Perry and  General Greene then received orders to take station off  Cap‑Franà §ais, San Domingo (present-day Haiti). From this position, it worked to protect and re-capture American merchant ships and later played a role in the Haitian Revolution. This included blockading the port of Jacmel and providing naval gunfire support for General Toussaint Louvertures forces ashore. Barbary Wars With the end of hostilities in September 1800, the elder Perry prepared to retire. Pushing ahead with his naval career, Perry saw action during the First Barbary War (1801–1805). Assigned to the frigate USS Adams, he traveled to the Mediterranean. An acting lieutenant in 1805, Perry commanded the schooner USS Nautilus as part of a flotilla assigned to support of William Eaton and First Lieutenant Presley OBannons campaign ashore, which culminated with the Battle of Derna. USS Revenge Returning to the United States at the end of the war, Perry was placed on leave for 1806 and 1807 before receiving an assignment to construct flotillas of gunboats along the New England coast. Returning to Rhode Island, he was soon bored by this duty. Perrys fortunes changed in April 1809 when he received command of the schooner USS Revenge. For the remainder of the year, Revenge cruised in the Atlantic as part of Commodore John Rodgers squadron. Ordered south in 1810, Perry had Revenge refitted at the Washington Navy Yard. Departing, the ship was badly damaged in a storm off Charleston, South Carolina that July. Working to enforce the Embargo Act, Perrys health was negatively affected by the heat of southern waters. That fall, Revenge was ordered north to conduct harbor surveys of New London, Connecticut, Newport, Rhode Island, and Gardiners Bay, New York. On January 9, 1811, Revenge ran aground off Rhode Island. Unable to free the vessel, it was abandoned and Perry worked to rescue his crew before departing himself. A subsequent court-martial cleared him of any wrongdoing in Revenges loss and placed blame for the ships grounding on the pilot. Taking some leave, Perry married Elizabeth Champlin Mason on May 5. Returning from his honeymoon, he remained unemployed for nearly a year. War of 1812 Begins As relations with Great Britain began to deteriorate in May 1812, Perry began actively seeking a sea-going assignment. With the outbreak of the War of 1812 the following month, Perry received command of gunboat flotilla at Newport, Rhode Island. Over the next several months, Perry grew frustrated as his comrades aboard frigates such as USS Constitution and USS United States gained glory and fame. Though promoted to master commandant in October 1812, Perry wished to see active service and began relentlessly badgering the Navy Department for a sea-going assignment. To Lake Erie Unable to achieve his goal, he contacted his friend Commodore Isaac Chauncey who was commanding U.S. Naval forces on the Great Lakes. Desperate for experienced officers and men, Chauncey secured Perry a transfer to the lakes in February 1813. Reaching Chaunceys headquarters at Sackets Harbor, New York, on March 3, Perry remained there for two weeks as his superior was expecting a British attack. When this failed to materialize, Chauncey directed him to take command of the small fleet being built on Lake Erie by Daniel Dobbins and noted New York shipbuilder Noah Brown. Building a Fleet Arriving at Erie, Pennsylvania, Perry commenced a naval building race with his British counterpart Commander Robert Barclay. Working tirelessly through the summer, Perry, Dobbins, and Brown ultimately constructed a fleet that included the brigs USS Lawrence and USS Niagara, as well as seven smaller vessels: USS Ariel, USS Caledonia, USS Scorpion, USS Somers, USS Porcupine, USS Tigress, and USS Trippe. Floating the two brigs over Presque Isles sandbar with the aid of wooden camels on July 29, Perry commenced fitting out his fleet. With the two brigs ready for sea, Perry obtained additional seamen from Chauncey including a group of around 50 men from Constitution, which was undergoing a refit at Boston. Departing Presque Isle in early September, Perry met with  General William Henry Harrison at Sandusky, Ohio before taking effective control of the lake. From this position, he was able to prevent supplies from reaching the British base at Amherstburg. Perry commanded the squadron from Lawrence, which flew a blue battle flag emblazoned with Captain James Lawrences immortal command, Dont Give Up the Ship. Lieutenant Jesse Elliot, Perrys executive officer, commanded Niagara. Battle of Lake Erie On September 10, Perrys fleet engaged Barclay at the Battle of Lake Erie. In the course of the fighting, Lawrence was nearly overwhelmed by the British squadron and Elliot was late in entering the fray with Niagara. With Lawrence in a battered state, Perry boarded a small boat and transferred to Niagara. Coming aboard, he ordered Elliot to take the boat to hasten the arrival of several American gunboats. Charging forward, Perry used Niagara to turn the tide of the battle and succeeded in capturing Barclays flagship, HMS Detroit, as well as the rest of the British squadron. Writing to Harrison ashore, Perry reported, We have met the enemy and they are ours. Following the triumph, Perry ferried Harrisons Army of the Northwest to Detroit, where it began its advance into Canada. This campaign culminated in the American victory at the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813. In the wake of the action, no conclusive explanation was given as to why Elliot delayed in entering the battle. Hailed as a hero, Perry was promoted to captain and briefly returned to Rhode Island. Postwar Controversies In July 1814, Perry was given command of the new frigate USS Java, which was then under construction at Baltimore. Overseeing this work, he was present in the city during the British attacks on North Point and Fort McHenry that September. Standing by his unfinished ship, Perry was initially fearful that he would have to burn it to prevent capture. Following the British defeat, Perry endeavored to complete Java but the frigate would not be finished until after the war ended. Sailing in 1815, Perry took part in the Second Barbary War and aided in bringing the pirates in that region to heel. While in the Mediterranean, Perry and Javas Marine officer, John Heath, had an argument that led to the former slapping the latter. Both were court-martialed and officially reprimanded. Returning to the United States in 1817, they fought a duel which saw neither injured. This period also saw a renewal of the controversy over Elliots behavior on Lake Erie. After an exchange of angry letters, Elliot challenged Perry to a duel. Declining, Perry instead filed charges against Elliot for conduct unbecoming an officer and failure to do his utmost in the face of the enemy. Final Mission and Death Recognizing the potential scandal that would ensue if the court-martial moved forward, the secretary of the Navy asked President James Monroe to address the issue. Not wishing to sully to the reputation of two nationally-known and politically-connected officers, Monroe diffused the situation by ordering Perry to conduct a key diplomatic mission to South America. Sailing aboard the frigate USS John Adams in June 1819, Perry arrived off the Orinoco River a month later. Ascending the river aboard USS Nonsuch, he reached Angostura where he conducted meetings with Simon Bolivar. Concluding their business, Perry departed on August 11. While sailing down the river, he was stricken with yellow fever. During the voyage, Perrys condition rapidly worsened and he died off the Port of Spain, Trinidad on August 23, 1819, having turned 34 that day. Following his death, Perrys body was transported back to the United States and buried in Newport, Rhode Island. Sources â€Å"Oliver Hazard Perry.†Ã‚  American Battlefield Trust, 5 May 2017.â€Å"Oliver Hazard Perry.†Ã‚  Naval History and Heritage Command.â€Å"Battle of Lake Erie.†Ã‚  Oliver Hazard Perry Rhode Island.

AIDS is a Mass Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

AIDS is a Mass Murder - Essay Example The concept revolves around knowing that many problems that come into being related to behavior are usually caused by health related problems. This is how marketing is prone of understanding the health problems of people to address the behavioral aspect of it. Social marketing has been evolved into focusing entirely on benefiting the society. It pushes for non-profit based marketing. (MacFadyen, 2003).Social marketing itself ensures that the design, implementation and control of programs seek the acceptability of a social idea or any practice that is focused entirely on a specific target group. (Kotler P. a., 1975). Social marketing has been taken in the wrong context by some people and the confusion of understanding the purpose of it became a problem. Some expected gaining the benefit of products being sold while others looked as social marketing as a campaign that would boost the sales of their products in the long run. Just like commercial marketing, the usage of social marketing is to persuade people towards protecting themselves from health hazards and environmental hazards. (Weinreich). The product is not necessarily a physical product that is being offered to the public, but instead it could be a message to the public to help them understand the dangers of a health hazard. The usage of the marketing mix may be useful in implementing an effective social marketing campaign. This technique is being used internationally by health programs in order to influence the social behavior of the people it is targeting. (Weinreich). The method of social marketing is basically adapting with commercial marketing methods to focus on the social front instead of a product promotion.(Nations). Products are made available to those who fall in the category of individuals who are paid low incomes. Condoms, for example, sometimes fall into this category and are promoted with this method to ensure that individuals are educated about birth control methods and AIDS prevention meth ods. Earlier, condoms were considered to have been purchased only by sex workers and were usually hidden behind the desk of pharmacies but with social marketing, people are being educated about the benefits of condoms and are becoming a product of normal usage. With this development, social marketing programs can also help populations overcome problems and lead of effective HIV/AIDS prevention. (Nations). There have also been misunderstandings among people about how social marketing programs compete with the public health sector system. This is incorrect; such programs are only existent to support the public health sector. These programs, in fact, pressurize the public health sector to improve their services and utilize their resources more effectively and efficiently. They also help individuals who fear going in public and purchasing condoms. (Nations). This awareness increase in the understanding of AIDS/HIV with such programs has started to show a relatively promising impact on l imiting the disease. Now the impact is majorly on increasing the confidence level of the high-risk individuals which would require tackling barriers in communication and understanding. AIDS protection programs are trying to destroy the social stigma that has been created. This is by discouraging people from discrimination and to prevent them from getting to such a point where individuals with AIDS are embarrassed to be seen in public. Destroying the social stigma that has been created is the core step to understanding and assessing the risks involved with HIV/AIDS. Public

According to the BBC, 'Britain is a surveillance society.' To what Essay

According to the BBC, 'Britain is a surveillance society.' To what extent does this compromise and conflict with people's right to privacy An Analysis - Essay Example Many critics were perplexed over the UK government wide usage of CCTV for surveillance as Britons always defending of their privacy at home. CCTV surveillance is concerned with social sorting. The surveillance system receives group and personal data so as to classify populations and people as per varying yardstick, to decide who should be targeted for suspicion, special treatment, inclusion, eligibility, and access etc. Oscar Gandy names it as the â€Å"panoptic sort† which is a discriminatory either fully or not automated technology. (Lyon 2003:20). The deployment of huge number of CCTV in Britain and its effect on civil liberties and on human rights, frequently is being debated across the nation. The main concern is that there exists no proper act or regulation concerning their use .The present UK’s coalition government has assured to initiate steps to address this issue and would look into plugging the existing holes like misuse of CCTV surveillance by authorities and to prevent human right abuses like invasion of individual’s privacy (Rowlinson 2008).... ( Wacks 2010:10). Prior to 1998, there were inconsistent and erratic voluntary Codes of Practices for the regulation of CCTV monitoring in Britain that were hardly adhered with. The legislation that regulates CCTV monitoring is of recent origin in the United Kingdom. The privacy issue was emphasised by the Human Rights Act, 1998. The truth is that there is even now no particular legal regime is existing to regulate CCTV which has probably resulted in the acknowledgement of United Kingdom as a CCTV surveillance hot spot. The only present regulations for regulating CCTV monitoring are to be seen in the common law on privacy, the Data Protection Act, 1998, the laws on criminal evidence which control the admissibility in court of info gathered by CCTV and under the provisions of breach of confidence. During recent times, the Information Commissioner issued both a Data Protection Code on Monitoring at Work and a specific CCTV Code of Practice which pinpoints specifically to the CCTV code and to camera surveillance activities. Recently, there has been an amendment in CCTV Code in the background of decision given in the contentious case namely Durant v. FSA. In this case, the Court of Appeal unpredictably shortened the broad interpretation of â€Å"personal data.† The camera surveillance in U.K had a serious impact due to verdict given in the Durant v. FSA where the Information Commissioner’s CCTV Code of Practice 2000 and the Data Protection Act, 1998 are applicable. Due to verdict given in the Durant case, the Data Protection Act is no more applicable to â€Å" basic CCTV systems† as they are not gathering â€Å" personal data â€Å" as regards to any citizen when they are able to focus on any individual or they are not intended despite images of

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self Introduction The presentation of oneself is based on the observation of an individual through comparing the life of him and the other people. Because of that inspiration of determining the revolutions that are found in the society, the roles and relationships that are found can affect the value of an individual and the idea on how he can describe himself from other people. Due to the intensive curiosity of an individual in life and his environment, there are studies that stress out the possible explanation on how to describe the changes in the earnest way. Various sociological models and approaches were presented to show the connection of the man in his environment. The interaction of the people in the social life is presented by the Erving Goffman in his dramaturgical model that attempts to see the society in a lighter sense. The Key Ideas Erving Goffman prepared the key ideas behind the discussion on the values wherein the ideas in theorizing the social roles and relations that are present in the contemporary society. According to the book of Goffman, the individual performs a certain role, which varies according to their audience. Those individuals as actors have an intention in manipulating the role that they play for the purpose of managing others impressions of them. Usually, this occurs through the interaction of the individuals in their everyday life. Since the society presents the interactions that usually matters with the human social relations or group of life, there is a natural involvement of disciplines that goes right with the study of sociology including the economics, political science, and psychology because they all fall within the topic of human society. Goffman, presented the theory that suggests that individuals engage in a significant amount of expressive manipulation along several fronts. Goffman likened his ideas to a theatre because individuals are, in essence, dramatic actors on a stage playing parts dictated by culture and this is the goal of such a presentation is acceptance from the audience through manipulation. If the actor succeeds, then they will be viewed as they desired by the audience. Goffman argues that the key to this success is to control which information the audience has access to (Goffman, 1959). Unlike the sociological theories wherein the individuals are linked with the disciplines early states, Goffmans dramaturgical model outlines the existence of the humans perspective on the stages where as an actor he usually plays. Giddens (2009) suggests that front regions are situations where individuals act out formal roles, essentially when they are on-stage. Performances in front regions often require teamwork in order to be successful. Impression management also occurs in the front regions as the actor is trying to give the audience certain impressions of himself. Goffman suggests that when an individual appears before others, he will have many motives for trying to control the situation. In contrast, back regions (of the stage) are where individuals or performance teams prepare themselves for their roles. Goffman implies that it is where teams discuss and rehearse their performance before they enter the front stage. Props can also be used to aid an actor in their performance an d they are assembled in the back region. These props assist an actor in convincing the audience that their performance is true. For example, a waitress in a restaurant would use a notepad and paper to take an order, to help convince her audience (customers) that her performance is true. Goffman indicated that the two regions are connected by a guarded passageway. This stops public performances being shattered by an inadvertent look from an audience member. If an individuals performance is weak, the audience will see through it. The phenomenon of embarrassment is where the actor acts ineffectually or is unable to sustain their expected role. This leads to them being excluded from full participation in society, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining the appearance of being a competent social actor. The dramaturgical models value in theorizing social roles and relations in contemporary society is open to discussion. Goffmans ideas are praised for having had a profound influen ce on sociology as a discipline. On his book, it clearly states that Goffman uses the dramaturgical metaphor as his contribution in the field of sociology. He acknowledges the most stimulating and thought-provoking contributions to sociology which made the sociologists today refer to his work, especially for examples on how to carry out micro sociological work. Goffmans dramaturgical model can also be seen as valuable within contemporary society as the concepts he developed have become part of the very fabric of sociology (Giddens, 2009). For example, phrases such as front stage, back stage and performance have all become an important part of sociologys vocabulary. Moreover, Goffman identifies the way in which humans use culture in interaction. This allows for a certain level of understanding in how our culture shapes our social interactions with others. This all provides evidence for the argument that Goffmans work, especially his dramaturgical model, is valuable in contemporary society when trying to theories social roles and relations. However, it can be argued that Goffman does not give enough recognition to the role those power plays in shaping our social relations. If his dramaturgical model ignores this potentially crucial factor, can it be considered valuable? Additionally, his choice of methodology has also attracted criticism. How ever, there are doubts over its validity as a research method. It can be argued that using a metaphor means any resulting analysis cannot be disproved and may therefore have little scientific use and also the metaphors are criticizes only partial descriptions of social behaviour. Consequently, Goffmans use of a metaphor to outline his dramaturgical model may result in the validity of his entire theory being questioned, and therefore its overall value to contemporary society. Goffmans suggestion that his dramaturgical model revolves around the interaction rituals of everyday life has also been questioned. But in the continuous increase in the formality of modern interpersonal relationships there is a decline in class in contemporary society raise doubts about the degree to which such rituals are essential to everyday life. This again suggests that Goffmans dramaturgical model is of no value to theorizing social roles and relations in contemporary society. This argument is also reinforced by the fact that his model is only relevant to western societies which have developed a division between the public and the private realms of life. Essentially, Goffman universalizes from a perspective of a white, middle-class male in 1950s America, where there are apparent front and back stages. Giddens (2009) argues that this division is not as apparent or does not exist at all in other societies and therefore Goffmans dramaturgical model is irrelevant. In conclusion, Goffmans dramaturgical model has both its criticisms, and its values. It can be seen that there are legitimate concerns regarding its validity and significance within certain cultures. However, it is valuable in some respects as it can be applied to contemporary western societies when theorizing social roles and relations. This helps to give us a greater understanding of why people act they way to do in different situations. In addition, Goffmans overall contribution to sociology is unquestionable and it is fair to say that his dramaturgical model has a strong role to play in that (http://socyberty.com/sociology/erving-goffmans-dramaturgical-model/). Discussion The work of Goffman manifests the deep appreciation in the individual work within the society. His contribution in the sociology has a great effect in the modern sociological studies. For example, economics is linked to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services; political science to political philosophy and to actual forms of government; and psychology to individual human mental processes. Sociology, however, is involved with almost the whole human life beyond the biological level which fully asserted by Goffman in his study. Virtually, all human activities have a social aspect in that people engage in them together rather than alone and mutually influence one another. Sociology is best viewed with the contribution of Goffman as not as a distinct subject area but as a particular perspective on human conduct. The same may be said of psychology, but the psychologist focuses on the individual whereas the sociologists are concerned with the pattern of social rel ations formed by two or more persons. Social interactions, or the mutual responses of individuals, are perhaps the basic sociological concept, because such interaction is the elementary component of all relationships and groups that made human society. As a discipline, or a body of systematized knowledge of sociology, Goffman used this as an inspiration in presenting one-self and which can be the very foundation of a society. The aspect of his studies was long identified primarily with the broad evolutionary reconstructions of historical changes in Western Societies, as well as the endeavour to explore the relationships and interdependencies among their more specialized institutions and aspect of social life, such as economy, the state, the family, and religion. Sociology, in Goffmans study, can be thought more about synthesizing the field that attempted to integrate the findings acquired from other social sciences. Although such concepts concerning the scope and task of sociology are still prevalent, they now tend to be regarded as the province of sociological theory, which is only a part of the entire discipline. Sociological theory, in a lighter sense as based on the works of Goofman, includes the discussion and analysis of basic concepts that are common to all different spheres of social life that had been part of studying sociology. An emphasis on empirical investigations that is, the gathering of data carried out by standardized and often statistical research methods, directed the attention of sociologists away from the total but abstract visions towards the limited and concrete areas of social reality. These areas where Goffman focused on came to constitute the recognized subfields and specialties of sociology that are today part of the college courses, textbooks, and specialized journals. Much of the scholarly and scientific works of Goffman, it falls clearly within one another of the many subfields into which the discipline is divided and can be performed by an individual. In addition to the basic concepts, research sociological theory and research methods are both usually required s ubjects for all who study sociology. The oldest subfields in the disciplines are those that concentrate on the social phenomena in which Goffman in practically asserting and that have not previously been adopted as objects of study by other social science disciplines. These include marriage and the family, social inequality, and social stratification, ethnic and race relations, deviant behavior, urban communities, and complex or formal organization. Subfields of more recent origin examine the social aspects like on sex and gender roles. Because nearly all human activities involved in social relation, another major source of specialization within sociology is the study of the social structure of recognized areas of human activity which is bound to be in the concept of interaction. These areas of teaching and research include the sociology of politics even in simple conversations law, religion, education, and many others. The subfields differ widely in the extent to which they have accumulated a substantial body of rese arch and attracted the large numbers of practitioners. Some, such as the sociology of sports, are of recent origin, whereas others rooted deeply in the earliest form of sociology. Certain subfields had achieved brief popularity, only to be later incorporated into a more comprehensive area. A more common sociological phenomenon is the splitting of a recognized subfield into narrower subdivisions; the sociology of knowledge, for an instance, has increasingly been divided into individual sociologies of science, art, literature, popular culture, and language. In the shade of interdisciplinary fields, the oldest and most important would be the social psychology in which Goffman justified through explaining the things around and at present through the simple interaction. Actually, it has often been considered virtually a separate discipline, drawing practitioners from both sociology and psychology. As sociologists, they are primarily concerned with the social norms, roles, institutions, and the structure of groups, while social psychologists concentrate on the impact of these various areas on individual personality. Social psychologists trained in sociology have pioneered in the studies in interaction in small informal groups; such as the distribution of the beliefs and attitudes in a population; and the shaping of personality through the experience of socialization, or the formulation of character and outlook under the influence of the family, the school, the peer group, and other socializing agencies. The psychoanalytic ideas derived from the work of Sigmund Freud and other later psychoanalysts have been particularly important in this last area of psychology. This might be also played a significant part in the study of Goffman in presenting one-self. As for the comparative historical sociology there is an often strongly influenced by the ideas of both Marx and Weber but has shown much growth in the recent years. Many historians have been guided by concepts borrowed from sociology; at the same time some sociologists had carried out large-scale historical comparative studies. The once firm barriers between history and sociology have crumbled especially in such areas as social history, demographic change, economic and political development, and the sociology of revolutions and protest movements. Research Methods Sociologists use nearly all the methods of acquiring information employed in the other social sciences and the humanities, from advanced mathematical statistics to the interpretation of the texts. They also rely heavily on primary statistical information that is usually regularly collected by the governments such as census, records of employment, immigration, the frequency of crime, and other useful statistics that can be used as variable and for quantitative measurement. It seems like the method established by Goffman is criticized by some of his contemporaries because it appeared that the process of his information gathering is plainly through observation and interpreting things. The direct observation or reporting is the firsthand in some aspect of study within the society. The society, in fact, has a long history in sociological research. Sociologists have sometimes obtained information through what has been called participant observation- that is, by temporarily becoming or by pretending to become members of the group being studied. Sociologists also obtain firsthand information by relying on knowledgeable informants from the group. Both methods have also been used by social anthropologists. Several of the classical studies of American sociology, in fact, were patterned on anthropological accounts of illiterate peoples, in that they attempted to present the complete pictures of life that represents their study. In recent years, the detailed firsthand observation has been applied to smaller-scaled settlings, such as hospital wards, religious, and political meetings, bars and casinos, and classrooms. The work of the Canadian-born sociologists Erving Goffman (1922-82) has actually proven both models and a theoretical rationale for such studies. Goffmans influence has been only one of the numbers of theoretical currents insisting that everyday life as directly experienced is the bedrock of social reality, underlying all statistical and conceptual abstractions. This emphasis has encouraged intensive microsociological investigations using instruments as tape recorders and video cameras in natural rather than artificially contrived experimental social situations (Giddens, 2009). Furthermore, sociologists use surveys for scholarly or scientific purposes in nearly all subfields of the discipline, although surveys had been most often employed in the study of voting behavior, racial and ethnic prejudice, responses to mass communications, and other areas in which the probing of subjective attitudes is clearly appropriate. Although surveys are an important sociological research tool, their suitability for many types of investigation has been widely criticized. Direct observation of social behavior cannot be replaced by verbal answers to an interviewers standard list of questions even if such answers lend themselves easily to statistical tabulation and manipulation. Observation enables sociologists to obtain in-depth information about certain group in which Goffmans method is good as an example. Emerging Trends Since the 1960s sociology has ceased to be primarily an American subject. In sociological theory, in particular, a partial reversal of the previous direction of influence has occurred, with theoretical currents once again and the sociologists expanded enormously in both Europe and US. In addition to theoretical diversification, new subfields came into being, such as the sociology of gender (spurred by the resurgence of feminist movements), which includes the analysis of gender-based social roles and inequalities, and the study of emotions, aging, and the life course. Older subfields such as historical and comparative sociology were revitalized, as was the broaden movement towards theoretical practice, which encompasses applied sociology, policy analysis, and various sociological interventions. Sociological practitioners apply their knowledge through roles as consultants, planners, educators, researchers, and managers in federal, state, and local government, in nonprofit organizations , and in business especially in the field of marketing, advertising, insurance, human resources, and organizational analysis. Sociologists made greater use both of traditional research methods associated with other disciplines, such as the analysis of the historical resource materials, and one of more sophisticated statistical and mathematical techniques adapted to study of social phenomena. Development of increasingly complex computers and other devices in handling and storing information has facilitated the processing of sociological data. Because of the wide diversity in research methods and approaches, sociologists working in a particular subfield often have more in common with workers in a complementary discipline than with sociologists specializing in other subfields. A sociologist of art, for example, stands much closer in interests and methods to an art historian or critic than to a sociologist who constructs mathematical models of occupational mobility. In theory, methods, and the subject matter, no single school of thought or topic dominates sociology today (Mujtaba, Griffin, Oskal, 2004). In Practical Association Actually, Goffman focuses on how the men are interacting with the society and his environment which mainly involves the changes in the objectives. In today, the development in the society came to the point where in the discussion leads to human security there is an emerging role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the development of multidimensional peace-building activities. In the changing international environment in which local, regional, and global level actors and norms have accrued enhanced legitimacy, a new generation of multi-dimensional peace-building activities has developed aiding in the development of ethical norms, utilizing peacekeeping, traditional mediation, conflict resolution or transformation, increasingly through transnational organizations and NGOs (Mercer, 2002). The re-emergence of ethonationalist and identity based conflicts, and to respond to urgent humanitarian crises. It is in this context that the peace-building role of NGOs in conflict and complex emergencies may be usefully located and assessed as part of a socio-political fabric engaged in sustainable approaches to ending conflict. Conflict resolution/transformation and peace-building approaches to understanding conflict and methodologies for addressing it are being utilized by NGOs. This is in conjunction with more formally constituted methods and actors, in order to stabilize local environments in a local, regional and global normative context, as well as in the context of an emerging global civil society. This may enhance the legitimacy of NGOs (and their regulation) and may also increase the effectiveness of peace-building in the international system (Bratton, 1994). Part of NGOs approach in peace-building is with the perspective on conflict, and the methodology which is derived from it for solving conflict, is thought to remove the critical difficulties inherent in first generation peacemaking where the common argument is made that involvement is crippled by the intensity of the dispute, the resources or lack of that the third party has access to, and the type of issues at stake for the disputants. The application of the international system dictates those third parties or the NGOs to view their role as one of conflict management as opposed to resolution in order to bring about compromise through bilateral and trilateral negotiations. In response to the peace-building approaches, it has been argued that settlements need to be based upon just political orders which promote democracy and human rights, new norms, participatory governance structures, civil society, international tribunals, and truth commissions. Disarming, repatriating refugees, bui lding a consensus for peace under the auspices of the UN, and moderate local political leadership play a role in this method (Mercer, 2002). This is based on conflict resolution perspectives of conflict, and requires deep access into local environments, something that requires grassroots processes rather than top down approaches. NGOs can often provide this because of their unofficial and human security oriented focus. As actors of peace-building process, NGOs should focus on the injustices relating to human needs/security, humanitarian intervention, and human rights and the inflexible perceptions that states have held with respect to territorial sovereignty. NGOs have often been a low profile response to the exploitation of power by political entrepreneurs in domestic environments, and to intractable conflicts, economic inequality, and humanitarian abuses. The relationship of the NGOs in the society creates an emergence in the solving the needs and act in a much broader range of se curity issues, which makes the role of the NGOs complex. Providing a serious action on the impediment is a great start in the peace-building processes (Richmond, 2001). The global changes continuously draw its impact in different parts of the world and reflected in the e-society. It also affects the simple business transactions up to the simple livelihood of the citizens. The issue of globalization got the attention of the researchers and proved itself as a great substitute from the traditional. In addition, the society embraced those changes and crafted a revolution that aims for its benefits. The e-society is the term applied in the use of the consumers on Internet, web, and information technology in which it can change the society for the better living. The purpose of this interaction depends on the application of an individual which is mostly according to their needs (Reiter, 2008). However, the people can still recognize that the changes require many non-technical barriers that is indeed, needed to be addressed. The non-technical barriers oftentimes limit the ability or capability of the technology. The e-society is divided in many sectors namely e-commerce which can be applied to the businesses (Mujtaba, Griffin, and Oskal, 2004); e-government that recognizes the activities involved in the governmental sector (Heeks, 2001); e-learning or the innovative approach on education to achieve the quality education; e-health that was made to improve the health status of the society (Kaveny and Keenan, 1995); e-science that sometimes collaborated to the e-health and is bound fo r the continuous scientific research activities (Binik, Mah, and Kiesler, 1999; Reiter, 2008) and; e-entertainment that is for the leisure of the individuals (Husselbee, 1994). All of the components of the e-society are purposely made for the benefit of the society. But as the old saying says no one is created perfect the e-society also receives drawbacks and other limitations because of the issues. One example is the e-commerce, the business leaders recognized the benefits such as changing the facilities, production process, or service offered. The business leaders also aim for serving the customers even from a far. But with the aid of the technology, this is highly positive. In fact, through the interaction of the business in the technology, the marketing and/or advertising can be easy. There are only problems that limit the businessmen in doing so. The problems are on the business models that can be apply for the organizational change; the security of the applied internal system , privacy of the people and even the consumers, and the trust and; the legal barriers to international sales (Mujtaba, Griffin, and Oskal, 2004). Conclusion Sociologists, like historians, also make extensive use of secondhand source materials. These generally include life histories, personal documents, and clinical records. Although the popular stereotypes have sometimes pictured sociologists as people who by pass qualitative observation of human experiences by reducing them to statistical, or quantitative, summaries, these never had been accurate. Goffmans works impressively left a great contribution in sociology and explaining the interaction of individuals as much as giving the light emphasize on how an individual represents in the crowd. Therefore, his part in sociological field of work is utilized to use as basis in developing the society in a most attractive way.

Relationship Between Iman, Ibadah and Akhlak Essay

Praise be to Allah S.W.T. the Most Compassionate and the Most Merciful, as the believers praise Him and may He send blessings and peace upon our prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and upon all of his forefathers, his brethren of prophets and messengers, his family and his companions. Worship is not simply the observation of ritualistic acts. It is a sincere kind of religious experience. In fact, it comprises of physical and spiritual expression of the human personality on a higher level of consciousness. The Al-Quran says, â€Å"Prostrate yourself in adoration and bring yourself closer (to God).† (96:19) The prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. was once asked, â€Å"What is the essence of ibadah?† He replied, â€Å"The worship of God as though you are seeing Him. Or, if you are not seeing Him, He is seeing you.† All acts in our daily life are considered as worship whether it is hidden or on the eyes of the public. Worship in Islam hold to a concept which looks an individual as a whole not only personal contact or relationship with God. Therefore, this is how worship is said related to akhlak (morality) and iman (faith). Allah S.W.T. instructed prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. in Al-Quran, â€Å"Say: ‘Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my life and my death, are (all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the Worlds. No partner hath, He: This, am I commanded and I am the first of those who how to His will.† (Surah An-Nisa’, 6:162-163) As an individual worships Allah S.W.T., he or she must take care of his or her manners in the best possible manners that one can show and practice. In other words, the combination of a loyal worship and sincere in morality or ethics are a way to gain strong faith. Islam is a simple way of life. In fact, in Islam, there is no enforcement to Muslim on worship and on how to act in public. Muslim is free to do what they want to do as long as it does not against the hukum in Islam. In seeking t he pleasure of Allah S.W.T., an individual must have the right attitude in ethics and worship in order to posses a strong faith. THE CONCEPT OF IBADAH (WORSHIP) IN ISLAM Ibadah or worship in Islam is an all-inclusive term for all that Allah S.W.T. loves of a person, both internally, in the form of thoughts and intentions as well as externally, in the form of sayings and actions. In other words, worship is everything that an individual intends, says or does for the pleasure of Allah S.W.T. It includes ritualistic acts, for instance, prayers, fasting, pilgrimage and charity. It also extends to beliefs, social activities and personal contributions to the welfare of society. Generally, there are two types of worship according to the concept of Islam. First kind of worship is a worship that has been prescribed at a specified time- prayers, fasting, pilgrimage and almsgiving. This form of devotions is called as the five pillars of Islam. Other than that, there are also unspecified terms of worship or ibadah which consist of zikir and fikr, meaning to remember Allah S.W.T. with feelings of fear and love. The second form of worship or ibadah aims for the mental activation of human soul so that an individual will be able to see Allah S.W.T. signs in every thing the individual across in daily life. This is the worship or ibadah which is obligatory for every Muslim throug hout and individual’s life. Another important component in the concept of worship or ibadah in Islam is the realisation that Allah S.W.T. pleasure is earned through the performance of ritualistic acts as well as the morality when dealing with the situation in daily life. Islam does not think much of mere ritualistic acts when they are performed mechanically and have no influence to an individual’s inner self. â€Å"It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards the East or the West but righteousness is to believe in Allah and the Resurrections Day, and the Angels, and the books, and the Prophets, and out of His love, spend one’s choice wealth for relatives and orphans, for the needy and the wayfarer, for beggars and for the ransom of slaves, and establish the prayers and pay the almsgiving, and to fulfil the pledges that you have made, and to patiently persevere in pain and in adversity and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth and such are the Allah-fearing.† (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:171) THE CONCEPT OF IMAN (FAITH) IN ISLAM Allah S.W.T. the Almighty says, â€Å"O you who have faith! Respond to God and the Messenger when He calls you to unto that which gives you life, and know that God comes in between a man and his heart, and that to Him you shall be mustered.† (Surah Al†Anfal, 8:24) And says, â€Å"Those who have faith, and have not confounded their faith with evildoing – to them belongs the true security, they are rightly guided.† (Surah Al-An`am, 6:82). And He says, â€Å"But whosoever turns away from My remembrance, his shall be a life of narrowness, and on the Resurrection Day, We shall raise him blind.’ He shall say, ‘O my Lord, why have you raised me blind, and I was wont to see?’ God shall say, ‘Even so it is. Our signs came unto you, and you forgot them, and so today you are forgotten.† (Surah Ta Ha, 20:124–126), And says: â€Å"By the soul, and Him who shaped it, inspiring it with its lewdness and its God† consciousness. Prosperous is he who purifies it, and a failure is he who stunts it.† (Al-Shams, 91:7–10) The technical meaning of faith is firm belief in something real, based on evidence. Experts in this subject have defined faith as being ‘to believe with the heart and proclaim with the tongue’ some have added ‘to act with the body.’ Or, in the words of Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Salam: ‘Faith is to have sincere devotion to God with the heart, to testify this with the tongue, and to act on it with the body.’ An individual who accepts faith will enter the fold of Islam. Faith is not simply a recitation of kalimah, creed of Islam. According to the Al-Quran, it is a ma’arifah that is, realisation. Thus, realisation of truth is the door to Islam. When an individual discovers that Islam is truly God’s religion and it is the same trut h and individual has been seeking all along, an individual will undergo a unique experience of realisation. This is a ma’arifah. Making any kind of discovery revolutionises an individual’s life but when this discovery is of the truth, this intellectual revolution becomes synonymous with the emergence of a new life in the individual. This kind of intellectual is not a simple event, it turns man into superman and gives and individual the greatest mission of the individual’s life. It regulates the individual’s life in such a way that no part of it remains unaffected. The individual will begin to see all of humanity as the individual’s family and the entire universe as his abode. Such discoverer becomes a maker of history rather than a product of history. This is the miracle of faith or iman. It was this faith or iman which enabled the prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and his companions to produce the miraculous of all miracles. Faith or iman refers to the inner aspect of the religion and denotes a believer’s faith in the metaphysical realities of Islam. The term faith mention in both Al-Quran and a hadith of Gabriel A.S. Allah mentions, â€Å"The messenger has believed in what revealed to him front His lord and the believers. All of them believe has believed in Allah and His Angels and His Books and His Messengers.† (Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 285) THE CONCEPT OF AKHLAK (MORALITY) IN ISLAM The word ‘morality’ comes from the Latin word ‘moralitas’ meaning ‘manner, character, and proper behaviour’. Morality generally refers to a code of conduct, that an individual, group or society holds as commanding, in distinguishing right from wrong. Such an ideal code of conduct is often promoted in preference to other alternatives. Islam as a comprehensive way of life encompasses a complete moral system that is an important aspect of its world-view. We live in an age where good and evil are often looked at as relative concepts. Islam however, holds that moral positions are not relative, and instead, defines a universal standard by which actions may be deemed moral or immoral. Islam’s moral system is striking in that it not only defines morality, but also guides the human race in how to achieve it, at both an individual as well as a collective level. It is to live among one’s fellow men according to the moral teachings of Islam. T he essence of Islamic morality or akhlak is thus set forth and given in a hadith, â€Å"Behave with others as you would like them to behave towards you.† (Sahih Bukhari) By nature, everyone knows what sort of conduct he approves of and of what sort he disapproves. So, to follow this generally accepted moral criterion in relation to others is essentially in Islamic morality. Islam differentiates between social manners and social character. Social manners are based on the principle ‘do as they do’ but Islamic morality or akhlak is based on the formula of unilateral and unconditional positive conduct. â€Å"Do good to others even if they are not doing good to you.† (At-Tabrani) So great an importance has been attached in Islam to moral character that it has been set up as a criterion by which to judge all other Islamic virtues. If an individual is good in relation to other human beings, he or she will also serve as the evidence that an individual also is good in relation to Allah S.W.T. According to the Al-Quran there are three sources of it, and all the three are imbedded in human nature. They are, 1. The Commanding Self (Nafs-e-Ammara) is the self, which stimulates the human being towards evil. We read in the Al-Quran, â€Å"Yet I do not hold myself to be free from weakness, for the Commanding Self (the animal self) is surely prone to enjoin evil, except on whom my Lord has mercy.† (12:53) There are various natural and moral states of human being. According to the Al-Quran the state arising out of the human beings animal self, Nafs-e-Ammara (the Commanding Self) is the first source of morality if the weapon of reason is applied. The reasoning faculty in the human being is sufficiently well developed to analyse his behaviour critically and to perceive the immediate and remote consequences of his actions. It is the result of the critical exercise of reason that comes into play on inappropriate occasions and animal like actions, functioning as a control. This exercise of reason and control take then the hue of moral states. In other words, the foundation of good morals lies in our natural emotions and instincts, and good morals are nothing more than appropriate and controlled exercise of these naturally endowed powers and instincts. Hunger and sexuality are the basic commanding needs of humans and animals. Now if these basic commanding forces are brought under control through fasting and marriage, they become virtues. The Al-Quran has not only discussed in detail the basic human emotions and instincts, but also has gone further by investigating the underlying causes for arousal of these emotions, the need for such an arousal and has also explained how to channel and sublimate these emotion towards morality. 2. The Self-Accusing Spirit (Nafs-e-Lawwama) is the second source of morality, the one judging the excellence of morals. It is the voice of the conscience which becomes loud when an act of lewdness is being done. Every human being is gifted with this voice. We read, â€Å"And I swear by (and bring to witness) the Self-accusing Soul (Nafs-e-Lawwama – the innate self reproaching spirit, at the doing of an evil deed as an evidence).† (75:2) Nafs-e-Lawwama is thus what we call the living perception of one’s psychological condition or the call of the inner voice. One aspect of getting a ruling from the voice of the conscience and from one’s heart is that when we are about to commit any action we should first imagine to apply such an action to ourselves. If we are not adversely affected by this action and if it proves to be good and effective for us, such an action would also be beneficial and good for others. And if we cannot accept it for ourselves, then it must be assumed that it is neither appropriate for others. All those who act unfairly towards others, should put their own persons in place of others and see how they would like such an act to be perpetrated against them. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said, â€Å"When wanting to decide whether something is good or bad, ask your heart and innersoles, and take it that the deed, the commission of which gives you a feeling of satisfaction to the heart and innersoles, is a virtuous deed and the deed which rankles in the heart and produces perturbation and hesitancy in the mind is a sinful deed, even though the people may tell you that it is a lawful deed.† The question that arises at this juncture is that if this Nafs-e-Lawwamah, the self ac cusing spirit is present in every person, and every person is endowed with a voice of the conscience, why is it that a lot of persons still commit immoral acts? The answer to this is simple. Though our conscience does raise its voice of protest and the commission of such an act, people mostly do not pay heed to it. Secondly, immorality is a poison. Repeated doses of this poison blunt or destroy the conscience. 3. Love and Faith in the All-Mighty is the third and the ultimate source of morals. Once a Muslim Sufi was asked, how can we free ourselves from unlawful prohibited things and from afflictions and find peace and tranquillity? He replied, through a firm faith in Allah, for one gets free of all weaknesses and calamities through such a faith. Faith in God is the foundation stone of the Qur’anic Code of Ethics, not only in the sense that the Divine Attributes are like milestones on the way to good morals, but also from the angle that our faith in God strengthens our heart t o achieve the good and shun the evil. The â€Å"angels† of God guide such a person and he starts to live a life of peace and security, freeing himself of the filth of vice and sin. It is through this channel the human soul finds its ultimate peace and tranquillity which is called in the Al-Quran Nafs-e Mutma’innah – the Soul at Peace. â€Å"(As for the person who has been blessed with a contented and peaceful mind He will say to him,) ‘O you soul at peace! Come back to your Lord well-pleased with Him and He well-pleased with you. Enter the fold of My chosen servants, and enter the Garden made by Me.† (89:27-30) It is wrong to say that a disbelief in God does not produce any defect or diminishing effect on one’s morals, and confirmation of the existence of God does not strengthen one’s moral powers. Among the principles proposed by the Al-Quran for faith in God is the principle of Retribution and Recompense for one’s deeds and this is an important principle in the laws of nature. A person who is merely adhering to a moral code only uses his own person or the society at his personal discretion, and by doing so he thinks that he is becoming better civilized and serving the society. He has no motivation of getting any reward. But when the Al-Quran motivates us towards higher morals, it simultaneously tells us that by adopting higher morals we not only improve and reform society, but we are also making our next life better. â€Å"Verily, those who say, â€Å"Allah is our Lord,† and then remain steadfast (and follow the straight path), the angels will descend upon them (saying), â€Å"Have no fear nor grieve rather rejoice at the glad tidings of receiving the Gardens (of Paradise) which you have been promised.† (41:30) The existence of moral forces within the human personality emanates from and is subservient to the inborn faculties of a human being and there exists a natural impulse towards morality in the human makeup. The human faculties which are inherent in human nature in its inner aspect as opposed to the outer and physical aspect are denoted by the word Khulq. Khulq is the term which describes that habitual and firm disposition in a human by virtue from which moral actions flow spontaneously and effortlessly. All the moral principles that exist are nothing else but a manifestation of natural human emotions and nature is the source of them all. A person becomes laudable only when his natural faculties and personal disposition take on a moral hue through training. If such actions are good and laudable when judged by common sense and the Law, such a disposition is called a vi rtuous disposition, and if such actions are bad and condemnable, such a disposition is called an evil disposition (Ahya Al-Alum by Imam Ghazali). â€Å"Thus the source of all morals is within the nature of a human being – his disposition and his various natural states. If human faculties are the source of morals, and sometimes we see immoral actions emanating from human beings, are we to understand that some of these emotions and faculties are evil in themselves? The Al-Quran has answered this question in the negative, telling us that the headwaters of human birth are not mudded, nor is sin and immoral behaviour an intrinsic part of his nature. The human being is simple and pure by nature. Its true nature is endowed with guidance and Divine inspiration; he has been created in the finest make and endowed with righteousness: We have surely created the human being in the finest make and the best proportions (with enormous capabilities for an all round advancement through the process of evolution). Then (according to Our law of cause and consequence) We degrade him to as the lowest of the low (if he does evil deeds). Different, however, is the case of those who believe and do deeds of righteousness. There awaits them a never ending reward.† (94:3-6) â€Å"Thus, the evil in the human beings is something which evolves later as a consequence of their training.† (94:5) Similarly The Holy Prophet is reported to have said, â€Å"No infant is born except with an inborn sense of natural goodness, and then his parents make him into a Jew, Christian or a Muslim.† (Sahih Bukhari). â€Å"In other words, a human being is born innocent and unblemished in his nature.† (94:4), and he does not enter this world carrying a load of original sin. Those who think that a human being is sinful by birth have erred. Similarly it is a wrong assumption that a human being is the product of some earlier life and his present birth is an outcome of some previous birth, and that he is caught up in the ramifications of his actions in some previous existence, as is believed by some. That is why in the Al-Quran there is no mention of ‘original sin’, ‘atonement’ or ‘transmigration of soul’ as these are the products of human fantasy with no evidence at all for their support. It must be understood that there is a difference of quality and quantity of natural powers in various indivi duals. There is a difference between emotional origins and practical manifestations of emotions and these differences give rise to a vast sea of moral values, and this sea has been enclosed in the small canvas of Qur’anic moral code. THE HIKMAH OF INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN IMAN IBADAH AND AKHLAK The relationship between faith and worship will result a maintained and stabilised worship that will ensure the faith in an individual’s heart thicken and stronger. Meanwhile, the relationship between worship and morality is the complete way of life in Islam as they maintain good behaviour and manners where ever they are and whatever they do, in the same time maintaining a good worship or ibadah to Allah S.W.T. by following the five pillars of Islam and also the Sunnah of our prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. Therefore, the connection between faith, worship and morality are closely consistent and if one is lost then it is incomplete. Imagine it like a house wall as faith, pillar of a house as worship and roof as morality. If one feature is gone, the house will be incomplete or in other words will crash down. CONCLUSION Praise be to Allah S.W.T. the Most Compassionate and the Most Merciful, as the believers praise Him and may He send blessings and peace upon our prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and upon all of his forefathers, his brethren of prophets and messengers, his family and his companions. Worship, faith and morality is connected to each other as they are the basis in Islam for seeking the pleasure from Allah S.W.T. Worship is all acts in our daily life regardless of its status, hidden or on the eyes of the public. Faith is to have sincere devotion to Allah S.W.T. with the heart, to testify this with the tongue, and to act on it with the body while morality or akhlak can be defined as the manners or good behaviour in our daily life. These three components are important things in the completion of an individual’s human soul need to seek pleasure from Allah S.W.T. To conclude, an individual must perform the ritualistic acts to Allah S.W.T. not only by personal means but consider to r epresent the individual’s whole life to Allah S.W.T. as well as practicing good behaviour or manners in daily life to ensure the possession of stronger faith. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Al-Quran 2. Muhammad Al-Ghazali (1991). Akhlak Seorang Muslim. Kuala Lumpur: Victory Agencie. 3. Ahmad M. Saefuddin (1984). Ibadah dalam Islam. Jakarta: Lembaga Islam untuk Penelitian Masyarakat. 4. Profesor Dr. Hamka (1982). Iman dan Amal Shaleh. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas. 5. Habib Ali al-Jifri (2012). The Concept of Faith in Islam. Jordan: The Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought. 6. The Essence of Islam. http://www.cpsglobal.org/content/essence-islam